NT QIZ
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
The process by which an individual changes in the course of its lifetime is called
correlation.
conservation.
evolution.
Correct!
ontogeny.
1 / 1 pts
If
you were to pick one person with a diagnosed mood disorder from a
random sample, what are the chances they will suffer from an anxiety
disorder as well?
75%
20%
50%
Correct!
25%
1 / 1 pts
Galen's views about the bodily origins of behavior were based on his observations of
Correct!
the effects of head injuries in gladiators.
the effects of heart injuries on behavior.
spinal reflexes.
the ventricular systems of humans and animals.
1 / 1 pts
The ability of the brain in development and adulthood to be changed by environmental inputs is called
dementia.
ontogeny.
Correct!
neural plasticity.
neural dominance.
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following research questions would best provide answers to the problem of consciousness?
What is the underlying functional brain activity while one is experiencing a sunset?
What
are the similarities between self-reports from a large sample of
individuals who have recently taken a cocktail of hallucinogens?
Correct!
Can
we localize a particular pattern of brain activity that, when
activated, consistently produces a novel subjective experience across
subjects?
Can physiological activity (including heart rate) predict the timing of one's changes in brain activity?
0 / 1 pts
Which of the following questions reflects a perspective from the field of evolutionary psychology?
Correct Answer
What are the patterns of mating behavior in humans?
You Answered
How are hormones involved in mating in different species of mammals?
How do reproductive behaviors change during the human life span?
What hormonal treatments can alleviate sexual problems in mice?
1 / 1 pts
Which
of the following represents the correct order of prevalence for
neurological disorders in the industrialized countries, from highest to
lowest?
Epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, Parkinson's disease, cerebral palsy, head and spinal cord trauma.
Correct!
Stroke, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, head and spinal cord trauma, cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease.
Stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral palsy, head and spinal cord trauma, Parkinson's disease.
Alzheimer's disease, stroke, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, head and spinal cord trauma, Parkinson's disease
1 / 1 pts
The notion of dualism as proposed by Descartes stated that
science and the church are one and the same.
Correct!
humans have a nonmaterial soul and a material body that are not the same.
humans have a nonmaterial soul and a material body that are one and the same.
the mind and the brain are one and the same.
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following disorders has the highest prevalence in the US?
Epilepsy
Correct!
Stroke
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Some human nerve cells are more than 3 feet long.
Scientists are not sure why antidepressant drugs are effective.
Correct!
Only humans ingest mind-altering substances.
Some people are incapable of feeling pain.
0 / 1 pts
The term "somatic intervention" is used to describe
any type of experimental treatment.
the effects of forced changes in behavior.
You Answered
the consequences of experimental alteration of the brain or body.
Correct Answer
research procedures that alter the structure of function of the body.
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following is an example of a correlation study?
Severing the connections between the two sides of the brain.
Observing the pattern of brain activity in rats that have been trained in a maze.
Giving a drug to some animals but not to others.
Correct!
Measuring the extent of brain abnormalities in people with schizophrenia.
1 / 1 pts
Scientific
explanations usually involved analysis on a simpler or more basic level
of organization than that of the structure or function to be explained.
This approach is known as
Correct!
reductionism
contextualism
levels of analysis
conservation
1 / 1 pts
The measurable co-occurrence of a behavior and somatic change is a
Correct!
correlation
somatic intervention
behavioral intervention
analysis of variance
0 / 1 pts
An experiment in which a chimp's brain activity is mapped following exposure to a particular visual stimulus is an example of a
somatic intervention.
nonexperimental study.
Correct Answer
behavioral intervention.
You Answered
correlation study.
Which neuroanatomical method provides an outline of entire neurons, allowing us to measure cell body size and density?
Correct!
Nissl stain
Golgi stain
Axonal degeneration procedure
Radioactive glucose stain
1 / 1 pts
The most common type of neuron in vertebrates is the _______ neuron.
uniploar
semipolar
Correct!
multipolar
bipolar
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following is NOT a type of glial cell?
Schwann cell
Oligodendrocyte
Astrocyte
Correct!
Stellate cell
1 / 1 pts
Which type of cell is responsible for myelination within the central nervous system?
Microglial cells
Plaque cells
Astrocytes
Correct!
Oligodendrocytes
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following statements about glial cells is FALSE?
Correct!
There are fewer glia than neurons in the CNS.
They regulate the chemical content of the extracellular space of surrounding neurons.
They are important for providing structural support for neurons.
Some types of glia are responsible for myelinating axons.
1 / 1 pts
The neuron doctrine stipulates that neurons
plus glial cells form functional units.
are continuous with one another through a system of tubes.
depend on one another for their metabolic needs.
Correct!
are not continuous with one another.
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
What kind of information is carried by the ventral roots of the spinal cord?
Both motor and sensory information
Pain information
Sensory information from muscles and skin
Correct!
Motor information to muscles
1 / 1 pts
The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by
the reticular formation.
Correct!
the corpus callosum.
the meninges.
tendons.
1 / 1 pts
The pons is a structure within the
telencephalon.
midbrain.
Correct!
hindbrain.
diencephalon.
1 / 1 pts
The temporal lobe is separated from the frontal and parietal lobes by the
postcentral gyrus.
Correct!
Sylvian fissure.
central sulcus.
precentral gyrus.
1 / 1 pts
Moving
from the base of the brain to the tailbone, what are the respective
segments of the spinal cord, to which spinal nerves attach?
Cervical, sacral, thoracic, coccygeal, lumbar
Lumbar, sacral, cervical, thoracic, coccygeal
Correct!
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
Lumbar, cervical, sacral, coccygeal, thoracic
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
The basal ganglia are particularly implicated in
emotion.
sympathetic nervous system control.
Correct!
movement.
learning and memory.
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following is NOT part of the limbic system?
Mammillary bodies
Fornix
Hippocampus
Correct!
Putamen
1 / 1 pts
The brain and spinal cord are wrapped in protective membranes known collectively as the
pia mater.
myelin.
Correct!
meninges.
dura mater.
1 / 1 pts
Which
of the following neuroimaging techniques involves the injection of
radioactive tracers and is used to obtain images of brain activity
rather than brain function?
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
CT (computerized axial tomography)
fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)
Correct!
PET (positron emission tomography)
At the peak of the action potential, the axonal membrane approaches the equilibrium potential for
K+
All of the above
Cl
Correct!
Na+
1 / 1 pts
The absolute refractory period refers to the brief period of time
Correct!
after a neuron has fired an action potential during which the same neuron cannot fire another action potential.
after exocytosis and before the release of more neurotransmitter from the presynaptic cleft.
during which a postsynaptic receptor cannot bind another neurotransmitter after it has been open.
following a postsynaptic response during which all gated channels are open.
1 / 1 pts
Postsynaptic potentials are a type of
Correct!
graded potential.
action potential.
digital event.
resting potential.
1 / 1 pts
The term "hyperpolarization" refers to
a decrease in membrane potential, toward 0 mV.
Correct!
an increase in membrane potential, away from 0 mV.
greater positivity inside the neuron.
graded potentials.
1 / 1 pts
The highest frequency of the action potential that an axon appears capable of transmitting is
120 spikes per second.
120 spikes per minute.
200 spikes per second.
Correct!
1,200 spikes per second.
1 / 1 pts
The resting membrane potential is
a property unique to multipolar neurons.
Correct!
partially established by the uneven distribution of ions across the membrane.
negative in neurons and positive in glial cells.
established partially by the rapid influx of sodium ions.
1 / 1 pts
In the extracellular or intracellular fluid, which of the following is an anion?
Calcium
Correct!
Chloride
Both a and b
Potassium
1 / 1 pts
Upon reaching the threshold for an action potential, the next step in its generation is the opening of _______ channels.
Correct!
Na+
Cl
K+
Ca+
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following presynaptic events are presented in correct chronological order?
Vesicles fuse with membrane, calcium ion influx, action potential reaches axon terminal, membrane depolarization
Correct!
Action potential reaches axon terminal, calcium ion channels open, vesicles fuse with membrane, diffusion of neurotransmitter
Calcium ion influx, action potential reaches axon terminal, vesicles fuse with membrane, diffusion of neurotransmitter
Action potential reaches axon terminal, calcium ion channels open, neurotransmitter diffusion, vesicles fuse with membrane
0 / 1 pts
Components of the event-related potential that are associated with brainstem activity occur _______ ms of an auditory stimulus.
Correct Answer
within 10
You Answered
between 10 and 150
after 300
between 150 and 300
1 / 1 pts
Norepinephrine and dopamine are examples of transmitters whose synaptic activity is terminated by
passive diffusion.
Correct!
reuptake.
degradation by AChE.
calcium influx.
1 / 1 pts
The greater the influx of calcium into the presynaptic axon terminal, the greater the
Correct!
release of neurotransmitter.
amplitude of the action potential.
rate of reuptake.
magnitude of inhibition.
1 / 1 pts
_______ seizures do not involve the entire brain.
Correct!
Complex partial
Grand mal
Kindling
Petit mal
1 / 1 pts
A ligand of the acetylcholine receptor is a substance that
Correct!
binds to it.
stimulates its synthesis.
degrades it.
facilitates its release.
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following types of seizures is likely to lead to the label of daydreamer?
Grand mal
Correct!
Petit mal
Complex partial
Both a and c
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following is not a member of the amine family of small-molecule neurotransmitters?
Correct!
Histamine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following neurotransmitters can act as a retrograde messenger?
NE
Acetylcholine
5-HT
Correct!
NO
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following cannot function as an opioid peptide?
Met-enkephalin
Beta-endorphin
Correct!
CCK
Dynorphin A
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following structures does not contain dopaminergic nerve cell bodies and projections?
Cerebral cortex
Correct!
Cerebellum
Basal ganglia
Nucleus accumbens
1 / 1 pts
A major site of origin of projections using the neurotransmitter serotonin is/are the
locus coeruleus.
Correct!
raphe nuclei.
basal forebrain.
substantia nigra.
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
The development of _______ tolerance may result in a change in the number of receptors present in the cell membrane.
cross-
Correct!
functional
therapeutic
metabolic
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following drugs blocks the second messenger cyclic AMP?
Morphine
Valium
Correct!
Lithium
Nicotine
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following substances competes with the neuromodulator adenosine?
Correct!
Caffeine
Tetanus toxin
Colchicine
Nicotine
1 / 1 pts
If a newly developed drug is found to bind to serotonin receptors and activate them, the drug is classified as a(n)
prototype.
antagonist.
blocker.
Correct!
agonist.
1 / 1 pts
The dose at which a drug has a half-maximal response is termed the
therapeutic dose.
Correct!
ED50.
LD50.
saturated dose.
1 / 1 pts
Down-regulation is the process by which
there is a decrease in the amount of drug necessary for regulation of normal functioning.
there is an increase in the effectiveness of endogenous neurotransmitters.
Correct!
excessive
transmitter molecules are available to the receptors over a period of
time, causing a decrease in the number of receptor sites.
a
smaller amount of a drug is available to the receptors over a period of
time, causing an increase in the number of receptor sites.
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
The _______ model of drug abuse and addiction takes into account the powerful reinforcement provided by the drug.
Correct!
positive reward
moral
disease
physical dependence
1 / 1 pts
Drugs that are effective in reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia are known as
Correct!
neuroleptics.
tricyclics.
anxiolytics.
sedatives.
1 / 1 pts
The anxiolytic drug Valium belongs to the class of drugs known as
Correct!
benzodiazepines.
MAO inhibitors.
barbiturates.
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
1 / 1 pts
The hallucinogenic effects of LSD are mainly attributed to its stimulation of _______ receptors.
cannabinoid
Correct!
serotonin
ACh
glutamate
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
Stimulation to which of the following receptors will produce a signal of extreme heat and would not respond to a chili pepper?
TRPV1
Correct!
TRP2
Serotonin
Histamine
1 / 1 pts
According
to the concept of _______, particular nerve cells in the brain
recognize sensory information that is specific to only particular types
of information.
adequate stimuli
sensory transduction
Correct!
labeled lines
range fractionation
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following pain-reducing techniques is thought to increase endogenous opioids?
Acupuncture
Placebo
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Correct!
All of the above
1 / 1 pts
Stimulation of a Pacinian corpuscle causes the opening of _______ gated _______ channels.
ligand-; chloride
mechanically; calcium
voltage-; potassium
Correct!
mechanically; sodium
1 / 1 pts
Sensory receptors that are specialized for responding to painful stimuli are called
aversiceptors.
Correct!
nociceptors.
toxiceptors.
algesiaceptors.
0 / 1 pts
For a person suffering from acute pain, the _______ dimension would most likely dominate the pain experience.
motivational-affective
You Answered
All of the above
Correct Answer
sensory-discriminative
cognitive evaluative
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following respond(s) to sex-specific pheromones instead of odorants in mice?
Glomerulus receptors
Mitral cells
Accessory bulb
Correct!
Trace-amine associated receptors (TAARs)
1 / 1 pts
New olfactory receptor cells are formed from
glial cells.
olfactory neurons.
supporting cells.
Correct!
basal cells.
1 / 1 pts
Motion sickness is particularly attributable to movements of the body that are not _______ by the sufferer.
Correct!
controlled
predicted
initiated
sensed
1 / 1 pts
Taste cells are sensitive to one of five specific tastes and have a lifespan of
2-4 weeks.
1-5 minutes.
10-20 seconds.
Correct!
10-14 days.
Stimulation of a photoreceptor results in the generation of _______ in the receptor.
a graded depolarization
Correct!
a graded hyperpolarization
rhodopsin
an action potential
1 / 1 pts
The neural signals that result from the processing of visual input in the retina converge on the _______ cells.
amacrine
Correct!
ganglion
horizontal
bipolar
1 / 1 pts
The sharpness with which an image can be resolved by the visual system is called
acumen.
adaptation.
Correct!
acuity.
accommodation.
1 / 1 pts
The rods of the retina are the main receptors of the _______ visual system.
foveal
photopic
color
Correct!
scotopic
1 / 1 pts
Visual cortical areas outside the primary visual cortex are referred to as
V1.
Correct!
extrastriate cortex.
occipital cortex.
striate cortex.
1 / 1 pts
The cells whose axons make up the optic nerve are the _______ cells.
Correct!
ganglion
amacrine
bipolar
horizontal
Myopia is a condition that develops when
the two eyes are not aligned properly.
Correct!
the eyeball is too long.
the eyeball is too short.
the eyes are strained in childhood by sustained gazing at distant objects.
1 / 1 pts
Optic ataxia refers to difficulty with which of the following?
Identifying objects
Identifying faces
Correct!
Reaching and grasping objects
Detecting motion
1 / 1 pts
Brightness detector ganglion cells receive their input chiefly from
Correct!
L and M cones.
S and M cones.
L, M, and S cones.
rods and all kinds of cones.
1 / 1 pts
Current visual research supports which of the following hypotheses?
Trichromatic
Opponent-process
Correct!
Both a and b
None of the above
1 / 1 pts
Specialized ganglion cells that detect darkness are
stimulated by M cones only.
stimulated by both M and L cones.
inhibited by M cones only.
Correct!
inhibited by both M and L cones.
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following functions regulated by major endocrine structures is false?
The pineal gland regulates body rhythms.
The thyroid gland regulates growth and development.
The pancreas regulates sugar metabolism.
Correct!
The gonads regulate emotional arousal.
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following does not describe properties of protein and amine hormones?
They bind to receptor proteins on the surface of the target cell.
Correct!
They can easily pass through cell membranes.
They act rapidly (within seconds to minutes).
They activate second messengers inside the cell.
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
Based
on what we know about meadow voles (i.e., they do not form pair-bonds
and they have multiple mating partners), which peptide hormone receptor
would you expect to show decreased levels in promiscuous human males in
comparison to monogamous human males?
Melatonin
Correct!
Vasopressin
Oxytocin
Prolactin
1 / 1 pts
Neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamus release _______ into the bloodstream.
proteins
peptides
Correct!
hormones
neurotransmitters
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following types of interaction is responsible for the effect of testosterone on the excitability of the brain?
Neural-to-neural link
Neural-to-endocrine link
Endocrine-to-endocrine link
Correct!
Endocrine-to-neural link
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following is not an anterior pituitary hormone?
Prolactin
ACTH
Correct!
GnRH
LH
1 / 1 pts
Which hormone is responsible for the contractions of the uterus during childbirth?
Progesterone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Prolactin
Correct!
Oxytocin
Question 1
0 / 1 pts
Which of the following stages includes proceptive behavior?
Copulation
You Answered
Sexual attraction
Postcopulatory behavior
Correct Answer
Appetitive behavior
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following hypothalamic regions is critical for the display of lordosis behavior by female rats?
Basal ganglia
Correct!
VMH
VNO
mPOA
1 / 1 pts
The effects of gonadal steroids activate behavior such that the behavior
always occurs.
occurs with greater strength.
never occurs.
Correct!
is more likely to occur.
1 / 1 pts
Lesions of the medial amygdala of male rats
interrupt sexual differentiation.
lengthen the refractory period.
abolish the production of pheromones.
Correct!
abolish penile erections in response to receptive females.
Lesions of the SCN _______ circadian cycles.
You Answered
shorten
do not affect
Correct Answer
abolish
lengthen
1 / 1 pts
The
time that elapses between two successive occurrences of a circadian
event, such as the commencement of the day's activities, is called the
phase.
entrainment.
zeitgeber.
Correct!
period.
1 / 1 pts
A new hamster mutant, zip, has a daily rhythm (in the absence of light cues) with a period of 8 hours. If you transplanted the fetal SCN from a zip animal into the brain of an adult hamster with the tau mutation (and its own SCN lesioned), you would expect the period of this adult's rhythm to be
Correct!
8 hours.
30 hours.
just over 24 hours.
just under 24 hours.
0 / 1 pts
If a mouse with two copies of the Clock
mutation is placed in a lab where the lights come on each day at 7:00
AM and go off each day at 7:00 PM, the activity rhythm of this mouse
will display
You Answered
a 6-hour rhythm.
progressively shorter rhythms.
no rhythmicity.
Correct Answer
a 24-hour rhythm.
1 / 1 pts
A hamster kept in constant dim light will eventually
become entrained to an exact 24-hour cycle.
find a zeitgeber to orient its activity.
show a phase shift of activity.
Correct!
become free-running.
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
How many universal facial expressions of emotion are there according to Keltner and Ekman?
Six
Correct!
Eight
None of the above; Keltner and Ekman believe emotions are not universally the same in facial expression.
Four
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following would not be considered an aspect of emotion?
Feelings
Correct!
Hunger
Bodily changes
Behaviors
1 / 1 pts
Presenting subjects with a visual cue previously associated with shock reportedly increases blood flow to the
hypothalamus.
hippocampus.
Correct!
amygdala.
medulla.
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following is a behavioral manifestation of emotion that does not have the same meaning among different groups of primates?
Running
Seeking social contact from others
Correct!
Baring of teeth/smiling
Retreat from social defeat
1 / 1 pts
The
overall accuracy of polygraph tests is debated to be accurate between
65 and 95% of the time. Which of the following make it easier to believe
its reliability?
Physiological peaks in arousal can occur for other reasons than a conscious lie.
Individuals have shown to pass the test without detection of a conscious lie.
Momentary changes in physiological variables may occur for no reason.
Correct!
Physiological variables like heart rate or skin conductance spike during the telling of a lie.
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following is not a component of the Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
Strong oral tendencies
Tameness
Hypersexuality
Correct!
Wild and fearful behavior
1 / 1 pts
Fear
conditioning, or 'conditioned freezing', is a learned response to a
previously neutral stimulus that has been associated with a stressful
stimulus such as shock. One brain structure, the _______, is crucially
involved in this conditioning.
hippocampus
Correct!
amygdala
frontal cortex
interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum
0 / 1 pts
A major difficulty with the cognitive theory of emotions is that
Correct Answer
there may be a specific pattern of autonomic arousal for each emotion.
emotion is driven by physiological activation.
physiological arousal is nonspecific.
You Answered
blocking of physiological arousal affects emotion.
1 / 1 pts
Which
of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to the rewarding
effects of electrical stimulation of various brain regions?
Acetylcholine
Glutamate
Correct!
Dopamine
Serotonin
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following statements does not support the facial feedback hypothesis?
Subjects who have been simulating a smile report more positive feelings than subjects who have been simulating a frown.
Facial expression can affect our mood.
Correct!
Individuals who receive Botox injections experience more emotions with more intensity.
When subjects are manipulated to hold a pencil under their nose, it mimics expressions of sadness.
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following is a behavioral manifestation of emotion that does not have the same meaning among different groups of primates?
Running
Correct!
Baring of teeth/smiling
Retreat from social defeat
Seeking social contact from others
Individual males that suffer social defeat have been found to have _______ levels of testosterone.
either increased or decreased
increased
Correct!
decreased
unchanged
0 / 1 pts
Psychoneuroimmunology studies how the immune system interacts with which other two systems?
Correct Answer
Nervous and endocrine
Hormonal and skeletal
You Answered
None of the above
Circulatory and nervous
1 / 1 pts
During
the initial phase of parachute training in soldiers, their testosterone
levels _______ and their post-jump epinephrine levels _______.
remained unaffected; decreased
varied widely; decreased
increased; increased
Correct!
decreased; increased
1 / 1 pts
Rat pups that are deprived of their mother for long periods of time demonstrate all of the following except
reduced neurogenesis.
epigenetic regulation.
difficulty learning mazes as adults.
Correct!
stress immunization.
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
Twin studies indicate a large genetic component to schizophrenia. However, another factor may be
Correct!
All of the above
incompatible blood types between the mother and developing fetus.
the stress of city living.
influenza infection of the mother during fetal development.
1 / 1 pts
In
schizophrenia there are several changes in the brain, including
enlargement of the _______ and decreased activity of the _______ lobes.
hippocampus; frontal
frontal cortex; temporal
Correct!
ventricles; frontal
basal ganglia; temporal
1 / 1 pts
A drug that produces a potent schizophrenia-like state is
LSD.
chlorpromazine.
Correct!
phencyclidine.
Valium.
0 / 1 pts
The
prevalence of psychiatric disorders is often surprising to many people.
Indeed, about _______ of the U.S. population will experience such a
disorder during their lifetime.
You Answered
one-quarter
Correct Answer
one-third
one-half
three-fourths
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is false?
None of the above; they are all true.
Correct!
Dizygotic twins have a concordance rate of 50%.
Patients with schizophrenia have difficulty making smooth-pursuit movements with their eyes.
A disabled version of the gene, DISC1, is implicated as a genomic factor.
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following is not a long-term effect of antipsychotic drugs?
Weight gain
Correct!
Dopamine receptor irreversibility malfunctions
Enhanced physiological, behavioral, or biochemical response to dopamine
Repetitive, involuntary movements, especially involving the face, mouth, lips, and tongue
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
Families with a history of bipolar disorder are more likely than other families to have individuals with
lesions of the pineal gland.
manic depression.
Correct!
schizophrenia.
extremely high intelligence.
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following classes of drugs is not used to treat depression?
Correct!
Phenothiazines
Tricyclics
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
0 / 1 pts
Given what you know about REM sleep and depression, what would be the likely effect of REM deprivation on depression?
The addition of anxiety to the depression
You Answered
An enhancement of the depressed mood
Correct Answer
Relief of the depression
Little or no change in behavior ratings of the depth of depression
1 / 1 pts
Pyschological depression is associated with _______ in REM sleep earlier in the night.
no change
minor changes
Correct!
an increase
a reduction
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
_______
is a severe mental disorder that can be triggered by events such as the
sudden death of a loved one, combat, kidnapping, or abuse.
Phobia
Correct!
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Schizophrenia
OCD
1 / 1 pts
An imaging study of the brains of combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder revealed
hypertrophy of various cortical regions.
an increase in the size of the right and left hippocampi.
no perceptible anatomical changes.
Correct!
a reduction in the volume of the right hippocampus.
1 / 1 pts
About _______% of severely disabled OCD patients who underwent cingulotomy benefited substantially.
83
50
10
Correct!
33
1 / 1 pts
The drug Valium is a type of
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
Correct!
benzodiazepine.
phenothiazine.
opiate.
1 / 1 pts
A psychobiological model of the development of PTSD draws connections among the neural mechanisms of which of the following?
Behavioral sensitization
Fear conditioning
Correct!
All of the above
Extinction
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
H.M.'s performance on the mirror tracing task showed that he could acquire a kind of _______ memory.
Both b and c
episodic
nonassociative
Correct!
long-term
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following brain regions is not one of the prominent sites of damage in Korsakoff's syndrome?
Mammillary bodies
Correct!
Hippocampus
Basal frontal lobes
Dorsomedial thalamus
1 / 1 pts
The eight-arm radial maze has been used with rats to demonstrate the importance of the _______ in _______ memory.
amygdala; episodic
hippocampus; episodic
cingulate gyrus; spatial
Correct!
hippocampus; spatial
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
LTP in area CA1 may be blocked by drugs that are _______ antagonists.
acetylcholine
opiate
GABA
Correct!
NMDA
1 / 1 pts
The classical serial recall function is
inverted U-shaped.
flat.
Correct!
U-shaped.
declining.
1 / 1 pts
There are several successive processes in memory formation; the first stage is called
storage.
retrieval.
Correct!
encoding.
consolidation.
1 / 1 pts
Which drug treatment has been proposed as a means of preventing the development of posttraumatic stress disorder?
Beta-adrenergic agonists
Benzodiazepines
Correct!
Beta-adrenergic antagonists
Antidepressants
1 / 1 pts
Eye-blink conditioning is an example of _______ conditioning and has been used to study mammalian cerebellar circuits.
aversive
Correct!
classical
operant
instrumental
1 / 1 pts
Compared
to animals placed in impoverished conditions, animals kept in enriched
conditions have been found to have heavier brains, due primarily to
increases in the thickness of the
cerebellum.
hippocampus.
Correct!
cortex.
hypothalamus.
0 / 1 pts
Synaptic plasticity can be demonstrated in relatively simple organisms like the Aplysia. Short-term habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex to repeated stimulation of the siphon has been connected with
You Answered
a retraction of synaptic terminals from the sensory neurons onto the motoneurons.
an increase in the number of inhibitory synapses.
an increase in the amount of neurotransmitters released at the sensory-motor synapse.
Correct Answer
a decrease in the amount of neurotransmitter released at the sensory-motor synapse.
1 / 1 pts
NMDA receptors appear to be essential for the formation of _______ memories.
intermediate-term
iconic
Correct!
long-term
short-term
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following statements concerning phenylketonuria is true?
Correct!
PKU is due to the absence of a particular enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine.
One in 10,000 individuals is a carrier of the genetic defect.
The disease manifests due to excessive intake of fatty foods.
None of the above
1 / 1 pts
Adult neurogenesis occurs primarily in the _______ region of the hippocampus.
CA3 region
Correct!
dentate gyrus
subicular
CA1 region
1 / 1 pts
Elderly people with cognitive impairment showed shrinkage specifically in the
caudate nucleus.
Correct!
hippocampal formation.
supratemporal gyrus.
amygdala.
1 / 1 pts
By the end of the eighth week of human brain development, the head is _______% the size of the entire embryo.
25
75
Correct!
50
10
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